●The 12 March revolt: Geagea against Amin Gemayel

On 12 March 1985 Samir Geagea and Elie Hobeika led an "uprising" inside the Lebanese Forces against the leadership of Fouad Abou Nader and President Amine Gemayel's authority over the party; they took control of East Beirut, and the Forces' independence from the Kataeb and the presidency began.