●Launch of the Lebanese National Resistance Front (Jammoul)

On 16 September 1982, the day the Israeli army entered West Beirut, the Communist Party's secretary-general George Hawi, Mohsen Ibrahim (the Organisation of Communist Action) and Hussein Hamdan (the Arab Socialist Action Party) issued a statement calling on the Lebanese to take up arms under the name of the "Lebanese National Resistance Front", joined by the Baath and the SSNP. The Front carried out operations in Beirut, the Mountain and the South until the mid-1980s, with the Communist Popular Guard as its backbone.